toyota land cruiser diesel workshop manual

The Toyota Land Cruiser is a series of four-wheel drive cars yielded by the Japanese auto machine Toyota. It is Toyota's greatest running series.

Production of the initially generation Land Cruiser started inside 1951 because Toyota's variation of the Jeep-like car. The Land Cruiser has been yielded inside convertible, hardtop, station wagon, plus utility truck versions. The Land Cruiser's dependability plus longevity has led with big recognition, incredibly inside South Sudan plus Australia where it is actually the best-selling body-on-frame, four-wheel drive car. Toyota moreover thoroughly tests the Land Cruiser inside the Australian outback — regarded as among the toughest running conditions inside both temperature plus terrain. Main rivals include the Range Rover, Land Rover Discovery, Jeep Wrangler, Mitsubishi Pajero plus Nissan Patrol. In Japan, the Land Cruiser is exclusive with Toyota Japanese dealerships called Toyota Store.

The Toyota J40 is the model designation for a Toyota Land Cruiser 40 series made of 1960 till 1984. Most 40 series Land Cruisers were built because two-door cars with somewhat bigger dimensions than a Jeep CJ.

The model was accessible because the FJ40 series and BJ40/41/42, BJ43/44/46 or HJ45/47 designation where it had a Diesel engine. The Land Cruisers integrated Brazil from 1958 with 1962 received the series code FJ25 plus FJ25L however, are usually called FJ-251, plus inside 1961 because of a modern engine called 2F - to not be confounded with all the later 2F engine from 1975 - there nonetheless came out certain some units with all the series code FJ-151L. With the model name changed with Bandeirante following 1961, those built from 1962 with 1993 - with Mercedes-Benz machines - received OJ50/55 series plus those built from 1994 with 2001 - with Toyota machines - BJ50/55 series model codes.

For the history of the J series within the authentic 1951 Toyota Jeep BJ by the J20 series see Land Cruiser History from 1950 with 1955.

1960: J40 series launched/2,430 mm/2,650 mm).
1963: Longer wheelbase), FJ45-B, pickup plus cab-chassis were added).
1967: End of four-door FJ45V) manufacturing, changed by FJ55 Station wagon).

2-door FJ45-B renamed FJ45).

1973?: HJ45 established with all the H, 3.6-litre inline 6-cylinder diesel engine.
1974: BJ40/43 established with all the B, 3.0-litre inline 4-cylinder diesel engine. A factory-fitted roll bar becomes standard inside the United States.
1975: Rear ambulance doorways are put into US model FJ40s. The lift gate remains accessible because an alternative inside different nations.
1976: Disc brakes found on the front axle.
1977: Front door vent windows, removed, vent windows found on the difficult top inside the United States
1979: Power steering plus air conditioner put into the choices, gear ratios modified from 4:10 with 3:70 inside the United States with be more freeway friendly
1980: HJ47 established with a four.0-liter six-cylinder diesel engine. End of HJ45 creation.

BJ42/46 plus BJ45 introduced with a 3.4-liter four-cylinder diesel engine.

1981: Power steering added found on the BJ models with the choices, drive brakes added inside Australia.
1984: End of J40 series manufacturing.
1993: Five-speed transmission becomes accessible for the Toyota Bandeirante.
1994: In Brazil, the Mercedes-Benz OM-364 engine is changed by the Toyota 14B device.
2001: End of Bandeirante manufacturing.
The diesel internal combustion engine differs within the gasoline driven Otto cycle by utilizing very compressed hot air with ignite the gas instead of utilizing a spark connect.

In the true diesel engine, just air is initially introduced into the combustion room. The air is then compressed with a compression ratio usually between 15:1 plus 22:1 causing 40-bar stress compared with 8 with 14 bars inside the petrol engine. This excellent compression heats the air with 550 °C. At regarding the best of the compression stroke, gas is injected straight into the compressed air inside the combustion room. This can be into a void inside the best of the piston or perhaps a pre-chamber depending on the shape of the engine. The gas injector ensures which the gas is broken down into little droplets, plus which the gas is distributed evenly. The heat of the compressed air vaporizes gas within the surface of the droplets. The vapour is then ignited by the heat within the compressed air inside the combustion room, the droplets continue with vaporise off their surfaces plus burn, getting small, till all of the gas inside the droplets has been burnt. The start of vaporisation causes a delay period throughout ignition as well as the characteristic diesel knocking sound because the vapour reaches ignition temperature plus causes an abrupt heighten inside stress above the piston. The fast expansion of combustion gases then forces the piston downward, providing energy with the crankshaft.

Also because the significant amount of compression permitting combustion with happen without a separate ignition program, a significant compression ratio greatly increases the engine's efficiency. Increasing the compression ratio inside a spark-ignition engine where gas plus air are mixed before entry with the cylinder is limited by the requirement with avoid damaging pre-ignition. Because just air is compressed inside a diesel engine, plus gas is not introduced into the cylinder till soon before top dead centre, premature detonation is not an matter plus compression ratios are much high.
Diesel motors are additionally yielded with 2 greatly different injection places. "Direct" plus "Indirect". Indirect injected motors put the injector inside a pre-combustion room inside the head that due with thermal losses mostly need the "glow plug" with commence plus high compression ratio. Usually inside the range of 21:1 with 23:1 ratio. Direct injected machines utilize a mostly donut shaped combustion room void found on the top of the piston. Thermal efficiency losses are greatly lower inside DI motors that facilitates a much lower compression ratio mostly between 14:1 plus 20:1 nevertheless many DI motors are closer with 17:1. The direct injected procedure is more internally violent and therefore needs cautious shape, plus more robust construction. The lower compression ratio additionally creates challenges for emissions due with partial burn. Turbocharging is especially suited with DI motors because the low compression ratio facilitates meaningful forced induction, as well as the heighten inside airflow enables capturing extra gas efficiency not just from more complete combustion, and from reducing parasitic efficiency losses whenever correctly operated, by widening both force plus efficiency curves. The violent combustion procedure of direct injection moreover creates more sound, however, contemporary designs utilizing "split shot" injectors or synonymous multi shot processes have dramatically amended this problem however, firing a tiny charge of gas before the leading delivery that pre-charges the combustion room for a less abrupt plus inside many situations somewhat cleaner burn.

A important component of all diesel motors is a mechanical or electronic governor that controls the idling speed plus maximum speed of the engine by controlling the rate of gas delivery. Unlike Otto-cycle motors, incoming air is not throttled along with a diesel engine without a governor cannot have a stable idling speed plus can overspeed, causing its destruction. Mechanically governed gas injection systems are driven by the engine's gear train. These systems employ a mixture of springs plus weights with control gas delivery relative with both weight plus speed. Modern electronically controlled diesel machines control gas delivery by utilize of a electronic control component or electronic control device. The ECM/ECU receives an engine speed signal, in addition to alternative working parameters including consumption manifold stress plus gas temperature, from a sensor plus controls the amount of gas and begin of injection timing from actuators with maximize force plus efficiency plus minimise emissions. Controlling the timing of the begin of injection of gas into the cylinder is a key with reducing emissions, plus maximizing gas economy, of the engine. The timing is calculated inside levels of crank angle of the piston before top dead centre. For instance, when the ECM/ECU initiates gas injection whenever the piston is 10° before TDC, the begin of injection, or timing, is mentioned with be 10° BTDC. Optimal timing depends the engine shape and its speed plus weight, plus is normally 4° BTDC inside 1,350-6,000 HP, web, "medium speed" locomotive, sea plus stationary diesel machines.

Advancing the begin of injection results inside high in-cylinder stress plus temperature, plus high efficiency, and results inside improved engine sound due with quicker cylinder stress rise plus improved oxides of nitrogen formation due with high combustion temperatures. Delaying begin of injection causes incomplete combustion, reduced gas efficiency plus an heighten inside exhaust smoke, containing a considerable amount of particulate matter plus unburned hydrocarbons.
The 70 Series is a family of Toyota Land Cruiser models yielded from 1984 till the modern. It changed the 25-year-old 40 Series because the off-road workhorse of the Land Cruiser history, whilst the 60 Series developed into more comfortable passenger off-road cars. Despite main changes inside styling plus many technological updates, the 70 Series was tailored with retain the off-road functions plus toughness for that the 40 Series had become recognized. The 70 Series was advertised throughout the planet, except for nations like the USA, Canada, Mexico, Brazil plus Korea.
Originally, model numbers 70 from 74 referred with the 2-door brief plus medium wheelbase versions. These were the successors of the distinguished 40 Series, including the FJ40. Model numbers 75 from 77 referred with the long-wheelbase adaptation, that was obtainable in pick-up plus 2-door troop carrier models plus, inside a limited markets, a 4-door wagon. These were the successors of the less-well acknowledged long-wheelbase 40 Series, like the FJ45. In 1999, Toyota introduced many upgrades plus changed the model designations, where the long-wheelbase models became the 78 plus 79. In 2007, the 76 was added, whilst the fresh dual-cab models moreover share the 79 model designation. Short-wheelbase models are just inside creation now for a some select markets.

As with all Land Cruisers, the letters at the beginning of the model amount designate the engine of the car. Common motors inside the 70 series include the 3F petrol engine, the 2H diesel engine, the 1FZ petrol engine, the 1HZ diesel engine, plus many lately, the 1VD diesel engine. For a whilst the BJ73 Hardtop was obtainable in the Italian plus Spanish marketplace with a VM five-cylinder HR588 2.5-litre turbodiesel—it the "B" prefix was used because considering the initial 4-cylinder diesel 70 series came with all the 3B.
Diesel motors have many blessings over additional internal combustion engines:

They burn less gas than a petrol engine operating the same function, due with the engine's high temperature of combustion plus better expansion ratio. Gasoline machines are usually 30% effective when diesel machines may convert over 45% of the gas power into mechanical vitality.
They do not have significant voltage electric ignition program, causing excellent dependability plus simple adaptation with wet conditions. The absence of coils, spark connect cables, etc., equally eliminates a source of radio frequency emissions that will interfere with navigation plus correspondence equipment, that is specifically significant inside sea plus aircraft applications.
The longevity of the diesel engine is usually regarding twice which of the petrol engine due with the improved strength of components employed. Diesel fuel has greater lubrication attributes than petrol also. Indeed, inside device injectors, the gas is employed for 3 distinct purposes: injector lubrication, injector cooling plus injection for combustion.

Bus driven by biodiesel

Diesel gas is distilled straight from petroleum. Distillation yields several gasoline, however, the give will be inadequate without catalytic reforming, that is a more expensive procedure.
Diesel gas is considered safer than petrol inside several applications. Although diesel gas usually burn inside open air utilizing a wick, it will likely not explode plus refuses to release a big amount of flammable vapor. The low vapor stress of diesel is specifically advantageous inside sea applications, where the accumulation of explosive fuel-air mixtures is a specific risk. For the same cause, diesel motors are immune with vapor lock.
For any provided partial weight the gas efficiency of the diesel engine remains almost continual, because opposed with petrol plus turbine motors that employ proportionally more gas with partial force outputs.
They generate less waste heat inside cooling plus exhaust.
Diesel machines could accept super- or turbo-charging stress without any all-natural limit, constrained just by the strength of engine components. This really is unlike petrol machines, that inevitably suffer detonation at high stress.
The carbon monoxide content of the exhaust is minimal.
Biodiesel is an conveniently synthesized, non-petroleum-based gas that may run straight inside several diesel motors, when gasoline motors either want adaptation with run artificial fuels or otherwise utilize them because an additive with gasoline.

An indirect injection diesel engine provides gas into a room off the combustion room, called a pre-chamber or ante-chamber, where combustion starts plus then spreads into the key combustion room, assisted by turbulence built inside the room. This program enables a smoother, quieter running engine, plus considering combustion is assisted by turbulence, injector pressures is lower, regarding 100 bar, utilizing a single orifice tapered jet injector. Mechanical injection systems enabled high-speed running right for road cars, the 73 / 74 was the medium-wheelbase as well as the 75 / 77 was the long-wheelbase. The latter came because cab-chassis/utility with a "panelled" tray, plus "troop carrier" hard-top. Toyota moreover produced lighter duty versions which shared the 70 Series designation from 1985 with 1996, plus were advertised inside different components of the globe because the Bundera, the Prado, or the Land Cruiser II. Of these, the Prado name stuck, plus every modification took it further from its 70 Series origins. Starting inside 1997 the Prado was well-known as the 90 Series, plus had become a light-duty passenger 4x4 without connection with the 70 Series.

1999: The pick-up adaptation was designated the 79 series, the Troop Carrier became the 78 series, as well as the short-wheelbase adaptation was phased out inside many markets. The principal mechanical changes were: coil sprung live front axle; longer back leaf springs; 5-bolt wheels rather of 6-bolt wheels; redesigned steering wheel; redesigned front indicators; plus, inside the cab-chassis, a longer wheelbase, that improved the back storage capability.


2007: The facelifted 70 Series started manufacturing inside January for marketplace launch inside late February / early March 2007. Changes include substantial modifications with the front end shape, eliminating the trademark flat fenders showcased about all commercial Land Cruiser series' because the FJ40. This change and a wider front axle/track plus wider chassis were needed with enable fitment of the new Euro-4 compliant four.5L V8 turbo diesel, the 1VD-FTV. This engine was initially merely for the Australian marketplace, where it was truly the only engine accessible. Africa plus additional markets continued with straight-6 petrol plus 1HZ diesel motors. In purchase with fill the hole left by the removal of lower-specification models inside the 100-series plus 200-series ranges, a 4-door wagon variant was introduced alongside the long-running cab-chassis plus Troop Carrier bodies. For the first-time a high GXL specification level was equally introduced inside several markets for the cab-chassis plus wagon variants. This specification level added many extra comfort plus protection attributes not earlier watched about commercial series Land Cruisers.